Framework of research methodology

Structure of exploration strategy Presentation The motivation behind this section is to portray the Framework of exploration strategy followed in this proposition in detail. The elaboration alongside the conversation on different sorts of examination will be talked about to clarify the methodology and techniques for the introduction of exploration work. From the view purpose of numerous scientists that Research Methodology is a structure procedure which comprises of bit by bit approach driving towards the finish of significant outcomes. In light of various view point assessment the analyst of this theory venture recommend that Research Methodology is only a plan or bit by bit approach yet its a total edge work of parts which comprise of the accompanying: Distinguish the issue Engender the thought for conceivable arrangement/Brain Storming process Information Collection from the variable sources Assess the example information Finish up the outcomes Concluded the Theory As it were from one of the specialist gives his announcements as â€Å"Research configuration gives the paste that holds the examination venture together. A plan is utilized to structure the exploration, to show how the entirety of the significant pieces of the examination venture the examples or gatherings, measures, medicines or projects, and techniques for task cooperate to attempt to address the focal examination questions.† [http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/design.php] The Research Hypothesis Behind each examination work there is absolutely some speculation consistently included, in this way similarly there are numerous theories are given by the various scientists in different exploration papers about the examination technique, to give elaboration under the light of those theory the analyst has taken them here as reference. â€Å"The research or logical speculation is a conventional confirmed proclamation foreseeing a solitary examination result, a conditional clarification of the connection between at least two factors. For the speculation to be testable, the factors must be operationally characterized. The will be, the scientist indicates what tasks were led, or tests utilized, to gauge every factors. In this manner the theory concentrates the examination on a positive objective and figures out what perceptions or measures are to be used† [Research system: methods and patterns by Dr. Y.K Singh and Dr. R.B Bajpai Book] The way of thinking of the examination procedure is to accomplish the ideal outcomes, for which it is important to receive certain means, which is otherwise called Frame work of study. There front the improvement in the examination should be possible. Numerous Researchers have contended that these examination theories by the specialist incorporates those presumptions which ought to be crucial and in which the analyst sees the world with the goal that these suspicions will bolster the scientist procedure and techniques he chose as a piece of that system. Where as the examination can done in different manners , dependent on the necessities of the proposition ventures, however to smooth out and to get the most out happen to the exploration there ought to be an edge work of the theory must be embraced. [Self] â€Å"Such methods of reasoning are considered as an instrument to locate the most ideal method of having research done, and these ways of thinking empower the specialist to get a well parity conclusion† [Stiles, J. (2003) ‘A Philosophical Justification for a Realist Approach Qualitative Market Research: An International diary, Volume 6, Number 04] The Aims and Objective The points and target of this examination is to create a report over a Meta investigation on GPON and EPON advances with the poll based overviews. For this reason an altered strategy/structure has been received dependent on the principles gave by the specialist to this nature of work. Kinds of procedures There are two kinds of examination design strategies gave by the specialists one is called Qualitative exploration and the second is called quantitative examination. Sinuff et al. (2007, p.105) characterized Qualitative exploration as â€Å"A Qualitative examination offers elucidating models of conduct, social association, and social cooperation that can be utilized to improve conduct and encounters. It is appropriate to exploratory examinations of issues which about little are known†. As indicated by Amaratunga et al. (2002), subjective methodology focuses on words and perceptions to discover an end and it likewise endeavors to plan the individuals in the sociologies. On opposite side, quantitative examination fundamentally depends on the numbers that speaks to the feelings and ideas about the specific exploration. They further contended that the wealth and comprehensive quality of subjective information can offer solid help for uncovering complexities in research process. Besides, the data for subjective exploration is typically gathered over a more drawn out timeframe consequently it makes investigating increasingly expansive. As indicated by Amaratunga et al. (2002) quantitative exploration configuration has been considered as fitting for inspecting the social segment. It has been worried about estimating the genuine estimation of the recommendations. It permits the adaptability in analyzing the information, regarding measurable investigation, near examinations and repeatability of information assortment for affirming legitimacy of the exploration. [Amaratunga Dilanthi, Baldry David, Sarshar Marjan and Newton Rita (2002) ‘Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Built Environment: Application of â€Å"Mixed† Research Approach, Research Paper, 51(1): 17-31.] Web interface: [http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=8AC83587644A027D31356889353AAD04?contentType=ArticlehdAction=lnkpdfcontentId=851373] Amaratunga et al. (2002) have summed up a portion of the qualities of quantitative examination, which are appeared as follows; Its procedure is snappy and furthermore practical. The subject under investigation is examined and watched freely. In quantitative examination the correlation and replication is permitted. The unwavering quality and legitimacy can be acquired more equitably than the subjective. In Quantitative examination, information is gathered from the enormous example that may affect the approach choices. The subject under investigation is broke down and seen by embracing the target strategies as opposed to simply been centered around the subjectivity through sensation and reflection. [Amaratunga Dilanthi, Baldry David, Sarshar Marjan and Newton Rita (2002) ‘Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Built Environment: Application of â€Å"Mixed† Research Approach, Research Paper, 51(1): 17-31.] [http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do;jsessionid=8AC83587644A027D31356889353AAD04?contentType=ArticlehdAction=lnkpdfcontentId=851373] Examination Approach (Qualitative Vs Quantitative) The examination approach can be either Qualitative or Quantitative, while both have there points of interest and weaknesses in various situations. A quantitative methodology comprises of the information which will quantify, portray and clarify all the procedures, this kind of approach are applies to logical explores, where the information is taken as test and to acquire the outcomes. A Qualitative methodology is the one wherein information is tried to explore, decipher and to understand the procedures. In the underneath given table an examination can be seen. Exploration strategies As in past it is expressed by the analysts that there are different strategies embraced to get the most yield of the examination work. There front as if there should be an occurrence of this proposition which depends on Meta examination the accompanying recorded advances will be followed. Writing Review Poll based Survey Study Analysis End/Result set Information Collection, Surveys and Questionnaire Information Collection Methods Information can be gathered for the examination purposes in two strategies, essential information assortment and auxiliary information assortment, which are characterized beneath: Essential Data In this sort of examination the scientist needs to gather all the data identified with the point, by communicating himself with various experts identified with the exploration theme. Information can be gathered for different reasons, for example, doing explore from the associations point of view, where the scientist needs to do meets and plan polls that are helpful to acquire significant data (). Essential examination can be riotous and tedious as the specialist needs to achieve the information from the individuals who are by implication or legitimately related with the subject which is being explored. The explanation behind not to utilize essential exploration is on the grounds that retail area is extremely tremendous part, and requires careful comprehension of its tasks. Essential exploration should be done when there are absence of data accessible through auxiliary examination, which can be acquired intensive essential exploration by leading telephonic meetings, sent polls or by c enter gathering that is another motivation behind why the analyst pick the strategy for optional exploration to accumulate all the applicable data. [Quinton, S. what's more, Smallbone, T. (2006), postgraduate examination in business: a basic guide, London: Sage publications] In the event that the examination is of essential information assortment, at that point there are two kinds of perceptions, members perceptions which is more accentuation on subjective and the second is organized perceptions which is increasingly appended to quantitative (). [Saunders, M. Lewis, P. what's more, Thornhill A. (2000), Research Methods for Business Students, second Edition, England: Pearson Education] Member And Structured Observations â€Å"Participant perception is a significant examination procedure which means to increase a nearby and cozy nature inside a gathering of people, and their practices† (wikipedia, 2007). Their concentrated contribution is additionally required with the individuals in their common habitat. [online] Available at: [Accessed tenth dec 2006]. Assortment Of Primary Data Utilization of relational int

Ballistics :: essays research papers

In 1784, somebody utilizing a flintlock gun fired Edward Culshaw. Back then, there were no shots, as we probably am aware them. Black powder and a bundle of lead were placed into the gun’s gag and stuffed with paper wadding. A flash made when the gun’s hammer struck some rock at the back finish of the barrel touched off the powder. At the point when the constable inspected Culshaw’s wound, he found a bit of paper utilized as wadding to pack the powder in the killer’s weapon. The prime suspect in the murdering was a man named John Toms. At the point when a bit of paper found in Toms’ pocket was contrasted and the piece found in the injury, the pieces fit together like two bits of a jigsaw puzzle. In light of the proof, Toms was handily sentenced. The Toms case was presumably the first in America where ballistics was utilized to fathom a wrongdoing.      Much like in Toms case, most examinations start with a wrongdoing having been submitted. Criminological ballistics and gun examination start when there are slugs, cartridges, a weapon, or any mix of the above found at a wrongdoing scene. With the proof, an investigative lab can look for pieces of information on these things that could prompt a speculate or conceivably demonstrate that the things were utilized in the wrongdoing. By looking at the markings on shots or cartridges found at the scene with those discharged from a suspect’s weapon, a ballistics master can frequently decide whether the rounds originated from a similar weapon. Simply the demonstration of burnning a cartridge through a weapon without shooting it can leave changeless scratches for the situation that are one of a kind to the weapon.      When a suspect’s weapon is inspected in the lab, it will be test shot into a container loaded up with cotton or a tank of water to furnish the analyst with the slugs and cartridges with a known history. Utilizing a magnifying instrument, the realized cartridges are contrasted and the ones being referred to. With some tolerance, aptitude, and a little karma, specialists can absolutely say that a specific gun and no other shot this projectile, or launched out this cartridge.      The estimation of karma can't be exaggerated. A projectile may leave the gag of a weapon at over a thousand feet for each second and hammer into a solid divider. This may distort the round past all acknowledgment. Pretty much anything can and happens to flying shots.

What is the Federal Unemployment Tax (FUTA)

What is the Federal Unemployment Tax (FUTA) If you own a business, you have probably heard about a tax known as FUTA. It is good to know about this often misunderstood tax because it affects your business’s bottom line. In addition, failure to pay the FUTA tax can result in harsh penalties, such as huge fines, potential criminal liability, or possible jail time. So, what exactly is FUTA tax? How does it work? Who is required to pay it? Where does it go? How is it calculated? In this article, we take a look at everything you need to know about FUTA tax. The Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA) is a federal legislation that gives the government the mandate to impose a tax on employers with the aim of collecting revenue which goes to the state unemployment programs. The tax is paid based on a percentage of total wages paid to employees. The funds collected through the FUTA tax are used to pay unemployment compensation to employees who have lost their jobs. While the FUTA tax is based on the wages paid to employees, it is only im posed on employers, not employees. This means that no portion of the tax is deducted from employee wages. The employer is required to deposit the FUTA tax on a quarterly basis. In addition, they have to file the IRS Form 940 at the end of each year. The FUTA tax was created following the Great Depression of the 1930s. After witnessing the devastating effects of the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt felt that was a need to come up with a federal system to protect workers who lost their jobs because of such an economic downturn. In 1934, he formed the Committee on Economic Security, whose aim was to provide a soft landing for those who had lost their jobs due to the Great Depression and to prepare in case a similar downturn happened in future. The committee’s top priority was to come up with some form of unemployment insurance, leading to the creation of the Social Security Act of 1935, which guaranteed workers an income to retired workers. In 1939, the FUTA was born from the Social Security Act, guaranteeing a temporary and partial wage replacement for employees who had lost their jobs involuntarily. In addition to preventing the need for welfare relief for employees who had lost their jobs, such a wage replacement program would also maintain their purchasing power, thereby helping keep the economy afloat during recessions.  WHO BENEFITS FROM FUTA?FUTA is meant to provide financial relief to employees who have lost their jobs. However, not all employees are eligible for unemployment compensation. Only employees who have lost their jobs involuntarily, through no fault of their own â€" such as through downsizing, because the business shut down, or quitting because of hazardous work environment â€" are eligible. Employees who have been fired because of non-performance or misconduct are not eligible to claim the benefits provided by FUTA. Once a former employee claims unemployment insurance through the state unemployment agency, you (the employer) will receive something known as a “Notice of Unemployment Insurance Claim Filed.” The aim of this form is to find out whether the former employee is eligible for unemployment compensation. The form requests basic information about the employee, including the reason behind their loss of work. If you confirm that your former employee is eligible, he or she will start receiving checks from the state unemployment agency. You also have the option of contesting the claim if you believe that your ex-employee is not eligible. However, if you decide to contest the claim, you should have documentation to show the reason behind the termination of the employee’s employment.IS FUTA THE SAME AS SUTA?Many employers often confuse these two taxes, FUTA and SUTA. The confusion stems from the fact that both are unemployment taxes. However, the FUTA is an unemployment tax collected by the federal government, while the SUTA is an unemployment tax collected by the state. Businesses are expected to pay both the FUTA and SUTA. Unlike FUTA which is constant across all states, SUTA varies depending on the state. SUTA rates are determined based on factors like the size of the business, the length of time a business has been in operation, the unemployment rate within the state, the number of former employees who have successfully claimed unemployment compensation, as well as the industry the employer is in. In some states, the SUTA is sometimes referred to as State Unemployment Insurance (SUI). It is also good to note that businesses that pay their SUTA in time are eligible for a tax credit on their FUTA payments. WHO IS REQUIRED TO PAY FUTA TAX? Any business that has employees is required to apply for a Federal Employer ID Number (EIN), which acts as registration for your business and allows you to make payments towards the federal unemployment insurance. As an employer, you are required to pay FUTA if:You paid wages amounting to or exceeding $1,500 in any calendar quarter of the year. You had at least one employee for some part of a day or more in at least 20 different weeks during the year. This includes full-time, part-time and temporary employees. You paid wages amounting to or exceeding $1,000 in any calendar quarter of the year to a household employee. A household employee is defined as any employee performs any type of household work in a local college club, a sorority chapter, a local fraternity or a private home. You paid cash wages amounting to or exceeding $20,000 in any calendar quarter of the year to farmworkers. You employed at least 10 farmworkers or some part of a day or more (even if not at the same time) in at least 20 different weeks during the year.You should take note that you do not pay any FUTA on independent contractors, since they are not considered as employees. This is one of the reasons that small businesses prefer hiring independent contractors instead of employees. In addition to not providing pay benefits, businesses that hire contractors are not required to pay payroll taxes like FUTA. HOW MUCH IS FUTA TAX?Like I mentioned earlier, FUTA tax is based on employee wages. The FUTA tax rate for 2018 is 6%. The tax is only applicable to the first $7,000 paid to each employee within a calendar year. This means that you should stop paying the FUTA tax once you have paid more than $7,000 to an employee. The $7,000 threshold is referred to as the wage base. Based on the 6% tax rate, the largest amount of FUTA tax you are required to pay per employee in a given year is $420 (0.06 x $7,000).I also mentioned that employers are required to pay both FUTA and SUTA. Employers who pay SUTA can take a tax credit which is deducted from the amount of FUTA tax they are supposed to pay. The maximum allowed of tax credit allowed is 5.4% of the taxable income. This means that the effective FUTA tax rate for employers who qualify for the highest amount of tax credit is reduced to 0.6% (6% minus 5.4%). Therefore, the minimum amou nt of FUTA that an employer can pay per employee in a given year is $42 (0.006 x $7,000).COMPENSATION PAYMENTS EXEMPTED FROM FUTA TAXWhile FUTA tax is based on payments made to employees, there are some payments that are exempted when calculating the FUTA tax. These include: Group term life insurance benefits. Contributions made by the employer towards an employee’s retirement account, such as a 401(k).Fringe benefits offered to employees, including things like contributions to employee health plans, insurance premiums, meals and lodging, mileage reimbursements, reimbursements of qualified moving expenses, and so on.Wages that are paid by the business owner to a spouse.Any wages that are paid to a child by the parent or vice versa, provided the child is below the age of 21.Payments that are made for services which were not performed within United States territory. Any money that is earned by an employee after they have died. In this case, these funds are handed to the employee’s estate and are taxable. In addition to these payments, there are other conditions which exempt employers from paying FUTA tax. For instance, companies that are exempted from paying income tax under 501(c)(3) are not required to pay any unemployment tax. Wages paid to employees are also not subject to FUTA tax if they come from a foreign government’s international organization. Wages coming from any United States governmental agency are also exempted from the FUTA tax. There are several other conditions that exempt employers from paying FUTA. For instance, payments made by a hospital to interns are not subject to the FUTA tax. Similarly, payments made by a school to a student of the same school are exempted from FUTA tax, as well as payments made by media companies to newspaper distributors who have not attained the age of 18. In addition, non-profit organizations are not required to pay FUTA tax on wages paid to their employees. The best thing is to check with your state office t o confirm any types of employee wages or benefits that are exempted from the FUTA tax.HOW TO CALCULATE FUTA TAXTo calculate how much you might expect to pay as FUTA tax, you should start by first calculating the total amount that is taxable under FUTA. To do this, you should follow the following steps:Add the gross pay of all employees plus any other cash and non-cash benefits offered to employees.From this figure, deduct any payments and benefits that are exempted from the FUTA tax (discussed above). From this amount, deduct any payments that are above the $7,000 wage threshold for the year for each employee to find out your total FUTA taxable wages. Subtract the amount of tax credit you qualify for from the FUTA tax rate. For instance, if you qualify for the maximum tax credit, this would be 6% 5.4% = 0.6%. Multiply your answer from step 4 with the figure you got in Step 3. This will give you your net quarterly FUTA tax liability.To make it easier to understand, let’s use an ex ample. Let’s assume that a business has two employees, Mike and Sophie. Mike earned $400, while Sophie earned $450. Once you pay both of them their latest paychecks, Mike’s total earnings to date will be $4,000, while Sophie’s total earnings to date will be $7,200. Since Mike has not reached the threshold, you will need to pay FUTA on his entire $400 paycheck. However, Sophie’s earnings will have exceeded the threshold by $200, which means you will only need to pay FUTA for just $250 of her latest paycheck ($450 $200). Any further payments made to Sophie will not be subject to the FUTA tax. Therefore, your total FUTA taxable wages is $650 ($450 + $200). Assuming that you are qualified for maximum tax credit, your net quarterly FUTA tax liability would be $650 x 0.006 = $3.90. HOW DOES ONE QUALIFY FOR FUTA TAX CREDIT?Remember, not all employers qualify for the FUTA tax credit. Different employers also qualify for different tax credits rates. So, what determines whether an em ployer qualifies for tax credit? Below are some of the factors that determine whether you qualify for FUTA tax credit:Any company that is subject to State Unemployment Tax Act (SUTA) is generally eligible for FUTA tax credit, provided it abides by the other conditions discussed below.Companies are required to pay all owed SUTA tax for a calendar year by the due date of their Form 940 in order to be eligible for FUTA tax credit.Companies that are subject to FUTA tax but exempted from SUTA tax are not eligible for FUTA tax credit.Companies where all employees are individually subject to FUTA tax but exempted from SUTA tax are not eligible for FUTA tax credit.If some employees of your company are exempted from SUTA tax, then their wages should are not subject to FUTA credit. Eligibility for FUTA credit for the entire company depends on the number of employees who are either subject to, or exempted from SUTA tax. CREDIT REDUCTION STATESThe SUTA tax collected by States is used to cover u nemployment benefits for unemployed workers within the state. Sometimes, however, States do not have enough money to cover these costs, forcing them to borrow money from the federal government (the money collected through FUTA tax). The borrowed money is given as a loan which must be repaid to the federal government. If a state is unable to repay this loan within two years, it gets listed as a credit reduction state. This means that employers who are subject to FUTA tax within the state will not enjoy the maximum FUTA tax credit, which in turn means that the FUTA tax paid in credit reduction states is higher. For instance, if a state has a credit reduction of 0.5%, instead of receiving the maximum FUTA credit of 5.4%, the maximum credit within the state will be 4.9% (5.4% 0.5%). Therefore, employers in this state will have an effective FUTA tax rate of 1.1% (6% 4.9%), compared to 0.6% for states without tax reduction. Currently, the states under tax reduction include California an d The U.S Virgin Islands. WHEN SHOULD FUTA TAX DEPOSITS BE PAID?FUTA tax payments should be paid into the federal unemployment tax fund at the IRS at the end of each calendar quarter. However, the IRS gives several breaks to small businesses that are subject to FUTA tax. One of these breaks concerns the payment of FUTA tax deposits. The IRS requires businesses to pay the FUTA tax once the amount owed exceeds $500. This means that for many small business, whose FUTA taxes are usually below $500 for every quarter, it is not necessary to make the FUTA tax deposits every month. Instead, the payment is carried over to the next quarter. The payments can keep being carried over to the next quarter until the end of the year, or until the business accumulates over $500 in FUTA taxes. However, if a business is liable for FUTA taxes exceeding $500 in one quarter, then the business needs to make a payment of the taxes before the last day of the month that comes after the end of the quarter. For instance, if your company has a FUTA tax liability of $400 for Quarter 1 (which ends on March 31), then it is not necessary for the company to make a deposit for that quarter. Instead, the FUTA tax liability is carried over to Quarter 2. If the company has a FUTA tax liability of $300 for Quarter 2 (which ends on June 30), then the accumulated FUTA tax liability would be $700, which means that you would need to make a deposit for Quarter 2. This deposit should be made before July 31. If the FUTA tax liability for Quarter 3 is below $500, the liability would once again be carried over to Quarter 4. If the liability accumulates and exceeds by the end of the year (which is also the end of Quarter 4), you would need to make a deposit before the 31st of January the following year, or by the time you submit Annual Unemployment Tax Report on Form 940. Form 940 of the previous year should also be filed by the 31st of January. However, if a company paid all its quarterly payments for the pr evious year on time, form 940 can be filed by the 10th of February. If the due date of the FUTA tax deposit falls on a holiday or a weekend, the deposit should be made on the first business day that comes after the weekend or holiday. How to complete form 940CONSEQUENCES OF NON-COMPLIANCESometimes, some employers fail to pay their FUTA tax, either by accident or deliberately. Failure to pay FUTA tax might lead to some negative consequences, both for the employer and the employees. For employees, failure of your employer to pay FUTA can have cause delays to your unemployment benefits application, since the tax issue has to be cleared before your claim can be approved. Some states might even deny your claim. Failing to pay FUTA taxes is a crime punishable by law. Employers who fail to pay FUTA taxes are usually fined. However, if the amount of tax owed is high, or if the employer is unable to pay the fines, there is a possibility that the employer might get jailed. The possibility of getting jailed is particularly high in cases where the employer tries to hide their non-compliance by misleading employees, or legal counsel about their accounting practices. KEY ACTION STEPSNow that you know what FUTA tax is and how to calculate your FUTA tax liability, let’s take a look at some steps you should take to ensure that you properly manage your FUTA tax obligations. Below are the steps you should take to ensure that you meet your FUTA tax obligations:Getting started: If you just started a new business, you should apply for your federal employer ID number, stating the number of employees within your payroll. This will let the IRS know that you have an obligation to report and pay FUTA tax. Know important dates: Like I mentioned earlier, FUTA tax deposits should be made on a quarterly basis, with the due date being the last day of the month following the end of each quarter. For instance, the deposits for the 1st quarter (which ends on March 31st) should be made by the 30th of April. The payments for the four quarters are due on 30th April, 31st July, 31st October and 31st January. In addition to the due dates for the quarterly deposits, you should also be aware that you are required to file Form 940 before the 31st of January. Being aware of these tax dates can help you plan in advance and avoid missing deadlines.Calculate how much you need to pay: I have already showed you how to calculate your FUTA tax obligations. In addition, you should educate yourself on payments that are exempted from FUTA tax to avoid paying FUTA on unnecessary employee payments. Consider automating your FUTA payments: Calculating, reporting and paying FUTA tax can be a hectic process. However, you can automate the process by using tax management software which automatically calculate, pay and report your FUTA taxes. Examples of software you can use to automate your FUTA payments include: Patriot SoftwareezPaycheckFlexTaxWRAPPING UPBy now, you should have a clear understa nding of what FUTA tax is, how much it is, how to calculate it, how to pay it, how to report it, and the consequences for non-compliance. To give a recap, the FUTA tax is a tax imposed on employers by the federal government with the aim of collecting money for funding state unemployment programs. The tax is only paid by employers, though it is charged based on employee wages. The current rate for FUTA tax is 6%. Employers are also entitled to a maximum tax credit of 5.4%, which reduces the effective FUTA tax rate to 0.06%. However, employers in tax reduction states are not eligible to receive the maximum tax credit. The FUTA tax should be paid on a quarterly basis, and should be accompanied by filing of the Annual Unemployment Tax Report on Form 940. Failure to pay FUTA tax can negatively affect unemployment benefits claims for employees and lead to harsh penalties for employers, including fines and the possibility of jail time.

Machismo In Gabriel Garcia Marquezs Chronicles Of A Death...

English Essay Gabriel Garcia Marquezs Chronicles of a Death Foretold shows how Machismo drives all male ambition. Machismo, in Latin American countries was derived from the word macho meaning an intense masculine pride. Machismo was first used in 1948, and was taken as a code of honour for men, rules that would make you considered macho. Respect and reputation are highly regarded as important traits in Machismo, and are the driving force of reason in the novel. (Add another sentence about the broadness of Machismo). The plot of the novel is based on the murder of Santiago Nasar, and is rooted in Machismo. The two antagonists of the book Pablo and Pedro Vicario, murder Nasar after finding out he allegedly had sex with their sister,†¦show more content†¦The narrators sister who isn’t even involved in the murder and isn’t present at all during the events, even understands why they killed him, even though feels mournful for him. I felt that I was the one who was going to die, my sister said. But no matter how much they tossed the story back and forth, no one could explain to me how poor Santiago Nasar ended up being involved in such a mix-up. The only thing they knew for sure was that Angela Vicarios brothers were waiting for him to kill him. (Chapter 1 Page 38). Even the groups of people who were most likely to be against the killing either supported it or did not object to it. The priest the brothers visit after the killing has concluded, says they are innocent before God, which both the priest and the brothers agree upon We killed him openly, Pedro Vicario said, but were innocent. Perhaps before God, said Father Amador. Before God and before men, Pablo Vicario said. It was a matter of honor. (Chapter 3 Page 73). Even though murder is a sin designated by the 10 commandments. The law is on their side as well, both the brothers only receiving 3 years in prison for 1st degree murder. This utter respect for Machismo triumphs over both religious and lawful justice, both commoningly of highest values in society for a vast majority of people. As well as this, the Arab community which Nasar isShow MoreRelatedChronicle Of A Death Foretold Analysis794 Words   |  4 PagesThe Irreplaceable Loss of Honor in Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s novel Chron icle of a Death Foretold In the novel Chronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcia Marquez, two of the main characters, Pablo and Pedro Vicario, committed a murder based on allegations presented by their sister Angela Vicario. Throughout the novel, the townspeople try to justify the brothers’ actions as a mechanism to restore their sister’s honor. 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The social ideologies of machismo and marianismo act as a source of pressure toRead MoreTheme Of Machismo In Chronicle Of A Death Foretold1554 Words   |  7 PagesChronicle of a Death Foretold is a story about a murder that happened in a small town, in which the society allowed to happen without questioning it. In this town there is an emphasis on male pride and men’s sexual behaviors. Everyone expects a certain code of male honor from every man. The way they look and act is all portrayed by this emphasis of machismo. Machismo men are stereotypically thought of as strong, rich, loud, and as womanizers. They are often associated with violence. Drinking, fightingRead MoreAnalysis Of Chronicle Of A Death Foreto ld969 Words   |  4 Pages The Role of Women in Expressing and Critiquing Latin American Culture in â€Å"Chronicle of a Death Foretold† 10 February 2017 Word count: 1499 The characterization of females within Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez’s â€Å"Chronicles of a Death Foretold† brings to light the ways through which machismo is established and maintained within the novel’s Latin American culture. Such characters bring to light women s exploitation under the influence of this patriarchy, as well as the many ways in which theyRead MoreParadox of Character in Chronicle of a Death Foretold1289 Words   |  6 PagesIn Gabriel Garcia-Marquez’s Chronicle of a Death Foretold, the concept of appearance versus reality is manifested in three of the major characters around whom the novel revolves. The surface impressions of Santiago Nasar, Angela Vicario, and Bayardo San Roman are deeply rooted in Latin culture; underneath the layer of tradition, however, lies a host of paradoxical traits which indicate the true complexity of human nature. While Santiago Nasar initially appears unethical, his traits and behaviorsRead MoreThe Influence of Violent Cultural Traditions on the Characters of Chronicles of a Death Foretold – Gabriel Garcia Marquez1490 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferences and exploitation†¦Many Latin American societies are condemned to bloodletting by the precedents of violence and gross injustice that characterize their culture and their history.† – LeMoyne James, ‘Children of Cain’ 1991 Gabriel Garcia Marquez’s text depicts the cultural life and setting of Latin America. His inclusion of conventional values portrayed in the novel such as pride and honor influences specific characters such as Pedro and Pablo Vicario, two â€Å"boys who were raised upRead MoreChronicle of a Death Foretold by Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez1239 Words   |  5 PagesIn Chronicle of a Death Foretold Gabriel Garcà ­a Mà ¡rquez depicts the gender roles within Colombian society as deeply rooted in the mentality of Machismo culture to shed light on social inequalities. The depiction female characters Marquez’s novella offers a deeper comprehension of the diverse methods by which patriarchy is established within the Latin American culture. Marquez reveals not only the degree to which women’s internalization of this system or their mistreatment and abuse within this imbalanced

The Environment and Free-Range, Organic, and Local Meat

Meat and other animal products are a serious environmental issue, leading the Atlantic chapter of the Sierra Club to call animal products, a Hummer on a plate. However, free-range, organic, or local meats are not the solution. Free-Range, Cage-Free, Pasture-Raised Meat, Eggs, and Dairy Factory farmers are not animal-hating sadists who confine the animals for fun. Factory farming started because scientists in the 1960s were looking for a way to meet the meat demands of an exploding human population. The only way the U.S. can feed animal products to hundreds of millions of people is to grow grain as an intense monoculture, turn that grain into animal feed, and then give that feed to intensively confined animals. There isn’t enough available land on earth to raise all livestock free-range or cage-free. The United Nations reports that livestock now use 30% of the earth’s entire land surface, mostly permanent pasture but also including 33% of the global arable land used to produce feed for livestock. Free-range, pasture-fed animals would require even more land on which to feed. They require even more food and water than factory-farmed animals because they are exercising more. To meet the increasing demand for grass-fed beef, South American rainforests are being cleared to produce more pasture for organic, grass-fed beef to be exported. Only 3% of the beef produced in the U.S. is grass-fed, and already, thousands of wild horses are displaced by this relatively small number of cattle. The U.S. alone has 94.5 million beef cattle. One farmer estimates that it takes 2.5 to 35 acres of pasture, depending on the quality of the pasture, to raise a grass-fed cow. Using the more conservative figure of 2.5 acres of pasture, this means we need approximately 250 million acres to create grazing pastures for every cow in the U.S. Thats over 390,000 square miles, which is more than 10% of all the land in the U.S. Organic Meat Raising animals organically does not reduce the amount of food or water required to produce meat, and the animals will produce just as much waste. Under the National Organic Program administered by the USDA, organic certification for animal products has certain minimum care requirements under 7 C.F.R. 205, such as access to the outdoors, shade, shelter, exercise areas, fresh air, and direct sunlight (7 C.F.R. 205.239). Manure must also be managed in a manner that does not contribute to contamination of crops, soil, or water by plant nutrients, heavy metals, or pathogenic organisms and optimizes recycling of nutrients (7. C.F.R. 205.203) Organic livestock must also be fed organically produced feed and cannot be given growth hormones (7 C.F.R. 205.237). While organic meat does offer some environmental and health benefits over factory farming in terms of residue, waste management, pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, the livestock does not consume fewer resources or produce less manure. Animals raised organically are still slaughtered, and organic meat is just as wasteful, if not more wasteful, than factory-farmed meat. Local Meat We hear that one way to be eco-friendly is to eat locally, to reduce the number of resources required to deliver food to our table. Locavores strive to build their diet around food produced within a certain distance from their home. While eating locally might reduce your impact on the environment, the reduction is not as great as some might believe and other factors are more important. According to CNN, an Oxfam report titled, Fair Miles - Recharting the Food Miles Map, found that the way in which food is produced is more important than how far that food is transported. The amount of energy, fertilizer, and other resources used on the farm may have more environmental significance than the transportation of the final product. Food miles are not always a good yardstick. Buying from a small, local conventional farm may have a greater carbon footprint than buying from a large, organic farm thousands of miles away. Organic or not, the larger farm also has the economy of scale on its side. And as a 2008 article in The Guardian points out, buying fresh produce from halfway around the world has a lower carbon footprint than buying local apples out of season that has been in cold storage for ten months. In The Locavore Myth, James E. McWilliams writes: One analysis, by Rich Pirog of the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, showed that transportation accounts for only 11% of foods carbon footprint. A fourth of the energy required to produce food is expended in the consumers kitchen. Still more energy is consumed per meal in a restaurant, since restaurants throw away most of their leftovers... The average American eats 273 pounds of meat a year. Give up red meat once a week and youll save as much energy as if the only food miles in your diet were the distance to the nearest truck farmer. If you want to make a statement, ride your bike to the farmers market. If you want to reduce greenhouse gases, become a vegetarian. While buying locally produced meat will reduce the amount of fuel needed to transport your food, it does not change the fact that animal agriculture requires an inordinate amount of resources and produces a great deal of waste and pollution. Tara Garnett of the Food Climate Research Network stated: There is only one way of being sure that you cut down on your carbon emissions when buying food: stop eating meat, milk, butter and cheese... These come from ruminants—sheep and cattle—that produce a great deal of harmful methane. In other words, it is not the source of the food that matters but the kind of food you eat. All things being equal, eating locally is better than eating food that has to be transported thousands of miles, but the environmental advantages of locavorism pale in comparison with those of going vegan. Lastly, one can choose to be an organic, vegan locavore to reap the environmental benefits of all three concepts. They are not mutually exclusive.

Outlier Free Essays

1. The large difference between how I have thought and understood success compared to the way Malcolm Gladwell argues is the circumstances and families that create success. Previous to reading this book, I strongly believed that the way to become successful was to put in hard work. We will write a custom essay sample on Outlier or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, my theory to success was similar along the lines to what Malcolm Gladwell discusses earlier in the book. He says, â€Å"Practice isn’t the thing you do once you’re good. It’s the thing you do that makes you good†(Gladwell, 2008). I believed if you practiced what you want to be successful at everyday, you would eventually end up reaching your goal. However, after reading Malcolm Gladwell’s opinion my beliefs are now different. One of the more important examples Malcolm Gladwell mentions that showed how different I thought was the success story of Bill Gates. I personally believed that Bill Gates was successful only because he was an intelligent man who was driven by hard work and his goal to create the personal computer. Previous to this novel my only education on Bill Gates was from reading short articles about him and from what I have heard from friends and teachers. What I did not know about Bill Gates was his given circumstance and the support from his family and others. Malcolm Gladwell mentions that there important opportunities that were â€Å"incredible lucky series of events†(Gladwell, 2008), that created his success. Some of the opportunities Bill Gates was given were his â€Å"free computer time at the University of Washington†(Gladwell, 2008) and also previous to that his mother along with others â€Å"had enough money to pay for his high school Lakesides computer fees†(Gladwell, 2008). Without the circumstance of Bill Gates receiving free computer time, chances are he wouldn’t have been nearly as intelligent and innovative with computers as he is today. To reiterate Malcolm Gladwell’s argument about super achievers are successful because of their families, in Bill Gates circumstance it is true. He wouldn’t have had the opportunity to practice with computers at a young age if his mother couldn’t afford to pay for the schools computer fees. Based on Bill Gates example Malcolm Gladwell writes about, it creates a credible argument to how he believes how to become successful. I did not even consider before reading this novel that family and the fortunate circumstances you are given are a substantial part to ones success. However, now it is crucial that it is not overlooked. 2. In my opinion, the â€Å"cultural language† in the United States varies across the country depending on where you are from. I believe that in some regions of the United States the cultural language is similar to the language represented by the co-pilot Koltz in â€Å"The Ethnic Theory of Plane Crashes†(Gladwell, 2008). However, I also believe in other vicinities in the United States the cultural language is outgoing and in the situation presented in the plane crash chapter, the cultural language would have been much more extrovert. The cultural language across the United States has emerged and evolved based on where you and your parents are from and how you were raised. Moments before the plane â€Å"Avianca 052†(Gladwell, 2008) crashed after running out of fuel, Co-Pilot Mauricio Klotz attempted to warn Kennedy Airport that their airplane did not have the sufficient amount of fuel to land. However, because Klotz was using â€Å"his own cultural language†, the controllers were not able to comprehend the trouble Avianca 052 was really in. I believe Klotz’s mitigated speech during this problem is similar to some cultural languages in the United States. For example, Malcolm Gladwell discusses Robert Sternberg’s theory of â€Å"practical intelligence†(Gladwell, 2008). To Sternberg, practical intelligence is â€Å"knowledge that helps out read situations correctly and get what you want†(Gladwell, 2008). It is clear that Klotz’s cultural language lacked practical intelligence. However, I believe numerous cultures in the United States also lack the same intelligence. Malcolm Gladwell recalls a study where â€Å"Annette Lareau conducted a fascinating study of a group of third graders†(Gladwell, 2008). Results of the study showed that lower-class children are â€Å"quiet and submissive†(Gladwell, 2008). Therefore, children and adults who are from lower-class families very well could have responded the same way Klotz did during a time of emergency. The cultural language of the United States can also be outgoing and far from â€Å"quiet and submissive†. Malcolm Gladwell discusses the South and the personalities people possess there. From results of an experiment, it had shown that Southerners were more willing to stand up for themselves. The experiment consisted of calling them an â€Å"asshole† to see if it â€Å"caused their levels of testosterone and cortisol-the hormones that drive arousal and aggression-to go up† (Gladwell, 2008). The results were the Southerners â€Å"were angry, their cortisol and testosterone jumped. Their handshakes got firm†. It is easy to predict how a Southerner would have reacted to a plane moment’s way from crashing if they react strongly to simply being called a derogatory name. My guess is that if a Southerner was a co-pilot, the controllers at Kennedy Airport would have understood the trouble the airplane was in. I believe our vast cultural language derived from what Malcolm Gladwell would call â€Å"the culture of honor†(Gladwell, 2008). The â€Å"culture of honor† describes people behave the way they do because of where â€Å"you grew up or where your parents grew up†¦where your great-grandparents and your great-great-grandparents grew up and even where your great-great-great-grandparents grew up†(Gladwell, 2008). This explains our difference in the United States culture because the majority of the people living in the United States families were once immigrants. People come from all over the world to live in the U. S. and that is why are culture is different from any others. I believe our vast cultural language works in favor with our social structure because it matches with the supply and demand of our economy. For example, there are plenty of jobs in the United States where people who respect their superiors and are afraid to speak up can work. Also, there are opportunities to open up your own business if you contain traits similar to Malcolm Gladwell’s example of a Southerner and do not mesh well with being told what to do. 3. When Gladwell says that biologists talk about the ‘ecology’ of an organism he is referring to why certain organisms are more successful than others. Malcolm Gladwell is inferring that the â€Å"tallest oak in the forest is the tallest not just because it grew from the hardiest acorn†(Gladwell, 2008). It is the tallest oak in the forest because of many more reasons. Reasons that include luck and some things that cannot be controlled. For example, when discussing about oak trees, Gladwell mentions that one oak tree is the tallest because â€Å"no other tree blocked its sunlight†¦no rabbit chewed through its bark†¦ and no lumberjack cut it down before it matured†(Gladwell, 2008). Gladwell’s point of the ecology of this certain tree is that is it the most successful because of certain circumstances it was placed in. The â€Å"Matthew Effect† or also known as â€Å"accumulative advantage† is when â€Å"those who are successful are most likely to be given the kinds of special opportunities that lead to further success†(Gladwell, 2008). Malcolm Gladwell’s example of accumulative advantage is hockey players and how at a young age they achieve success. Gladwell discusses that â€Å"the professional hockey player starts out a little bit better than his peers. And that little difference leads to an opportunity that makes that difference a bit bigger†(Gladwell, 2008). An important implication of the hockey example is that the similarities in the age of the hockey players who have had success. The majority of the hockey players in Canada are born in â€Å"January, February, and March†(Gladwell, 2008). Because of the fact that these professional hockey players were born in the beginning of the year they had an advantage over those who were born later in the year. The reason why they have an advantage is because when they were young they were bigger and more matured than those who were born later in the year. Since that these hockey players were bigger than the other kids they were given the opportunity to play hockey at more of an elite level. This is a prime example of â€Å"The Matthew Effect† and it explains that ones who are successful are given more opportunities to be more successful. However, accumulative advantage and ecology both are very similar. For example, along with the accumulative advantage in the hockey player instance there is also ecology to it. As mentioned earlier, the ecology of an organism is lucky or uncontrollable circumstances that occur. For the most part, the date of birth of a person is often uncontrollable and is not often planned. Accumulative advantage and ecology as seen in this example, are often correlated with one another. In both the Matthew Effect and the ecology and an organism, people are given a better opportunity. References Gladwell, M. (2008). Outliers. New York: Little,Brown and Company. How to cite Outlier, Essay examples

Impact of Globalization on Citizenship-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Globalisation Poses a number of Challenges to Citizenship that only the extension of Democratic Government beyond the Nation-State can meet. Answer: Globalization poses a number of challenges to citizenship that only the extension of democratic government beyond the nation-state can meet. Globalization refers to the process wherein organizations enhance their operations beyond the national boundaries and operates on a global scale. Globalization involves integration of the domestic markets in the global economy making the national economies interconnected. Democracy and globalization are interdependent on each other. Since globalization involves flow of goods, services, money, ideas and human resources across the world, this can be achieved only when the Governments of the nations are liberal and allow such transactions. Globalization affects the economic, political, social and cultural aspect of the countries involved. Therefore, it can be stated that globalization promotes democracy and democracy assists in globalization. The publicity of ideas related to democracy such as liberty and equality followed by the western countries have encouraged the citizens of the developing countries to demand democracy. Globalization has resulted in economic growth of the participat ing nations, which has encouraged the other nations to demand democracy. Democracy ensures free movement of goods, money, services, ideas and human resources from one nation to another unlike the authoritarian nations such as North Korea[1]. In the recent times, the role of the citizens within the democratic countries has witnessed a major transformation. Several scholars have argued on the impact of globalization on citizenship. The changes in the economic, social, political and cultural conditions of the nations as a result of globalization have disrupted the relationship between the citizens and their nations. The increase in the globalization necessitate the requirement of improved political responsibilities and citizenship beyond nations. With the increase in globalization, several new types of civic activities have evolved in the form of social movements, which spread their values globally. Globalization leads to intensification of the social relations between the nations and increases the interconnectedness among the nations[2]. It is also necessary for the government of the nations to monitor the level of globalization as excessive imports might lead to downfall of the local industries. Therefore, it is necessary for the governments across the globe to decide the extent to which they allow international transactions. However, globalization restricts the citizenship and the rights of the citizens. Citizenship is a concept based upon membership, which emphasizes upon right to equality. Citizenship provides the citizens the right to participate. However, the values of citizenship has been challenged with the advent of globalization. Globalization poses a number of challenges to citizenship in the form of the ability of the nation to implement value of the citizenship. The neoliberal principles of globalization lead to global inequalities and challenge the right to equality and right to participate. However, globalization also has the power to find solutions to such issues. The concept of global citizenship has the power to mitigate the challenges imposed by globalization on citizenship[3]. Extension of democratic government beyond the nation refers to democratic globalization, which is a reform in the democratic global institutional systems. This shall involve election of the world leaders and the members of the global institutions by the citizens worldwide. Global citizenship is an important aspect of democratic globalization. Extension of democratic government beyond nation shall enhance globalization and shall make the global citizens closer to each other. This shall also give the right to the global citizens to participate in the global activities[4]. The extension of democratic government involves the extension of political democratization to financial and economical globalization. Lesser restrictions on the international transactions are necessary for the success of globalization, which can be achieved only when the democratic government is extended beyond the nation, giving rise to the concept of global citizenship. Creation of global institution controlled by t he global citizens is necessary for obtaining the desired results from globalization. Federation of the institutions into proper democratic world government shall enable the nations to enjoy economic benefits of globalization along with the positive impacts on the society, culture and politics[5]. Mundialization aims at establishing institutions and federative laws while considering the people belonging to a diversified culture. Mundialization demands for a new political institution, which shall govern entire humanity by transferring a part of national sovereignty to a Federal world government. Therefore, it can be stated that extension of democratic government beyond the nation can solve the challenges to citizenship imposed by globalization. References: Mostov, Julie. "Nation and Nation?State." The Encyclopedia of Political Thought (2015). Reid, Alan, Judith Gill, and Alan Sears, eds. Globalization, the nation-state and the citizen: Dilemmas and directions for civics and citizenship education. Routledge, 2013. Stevenson, Hayley. "The Wisdom of the Many in Global Governance: An Epistemic-Democratic Defense of Diversity and Inclusion." International Studies Quarterly 60.3 (2016): 400-412. Stoker, Gerry. Why politics matters: making democracy work. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Wonders, Nancy A. "Just-in-time justice: Globalization and the changing character of law, order, and power." Critical Criminology24.2 (2016): 201-216 Stoker, Gerry. Why politics matters: making democracy work. Palgrave Macmillan, 2016. Wonders, Nancy A. "Just-in-time justice: Globalization and the changing character of law, order, and power." Critical Criminology 24.2 (2016): 201-216. Stevenson, Hayley. "The Wisdom of the Many in Global Governance: An Epistemic-Democratic Defense of Diversity and Inclusion." International Studies Quarterly 60.3 (2016): 400-412. Mostov, Julie. "Nation and Nation?State." The Encyclopedia of Political Thought (2015). Reid, Alan, Judith Gill, and Alan Sears, eds. Globalization, the nation-state and the citizen: Dilemmas and directions for civics and citizenship education. Routledge, 2013.